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Green |flag = 180px |country = Romania }} The Iron Guard ((ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Garda de fier) ) is the name most commonly given to a far-right movement and political party in Romania in the period from 1927 into the early part of World War II. It is also known as the Legion of the Archangel Michael () or the Legionnaire movement (). The Iron Guard was ultra-nationalist, antisemitic, anti-communist, anti-capitalist and promoted the Orthodox Christian faith. Its members were called "Greenshirts" because of the predominantly green uniforms they wore.〔For "greenshirts" see, for example, R.G. Waldeck, ''Athene Palace'', University of Chicago Press eBook (2013), ISBN 022608647X, p.182. Originally published 1942.〕 When Ion Antonescu came to power in September 1940 he brought the Iron Guard into the government. Under the dictatorial rule of Horia Sima, the Guard launched a murderous attack on Jews. In January 1941, however, Antonescu used the army to suppress a revolt of the Iron Guard. He destroyed the organization, as its commander Horia Sima and some other leaders escaped to Germany. ==Background== Originally founded by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu on June 24, 1927, as the "Legion of the Archangel Michael" ''(Legiunea Arhanghelului Mihail)'', and led by him until his assassination in 1938, adherents to the movement continued to be widely referred to as "legionnaires" (sometimes "legionaries"; (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():legionarii)) and led to the organization of the "Legion" or the "Legionary Movement" ("Mişcarea Legionară"), despite various changes of the (intermittently banned) organization's name. In March 1930 Codreanu formed the "Iron Guard" ("Garda de Fier") as a paramilitary political branch of the Legion; this name eventually came to refer to the Legion itself. Later, in June 1935, the Legion changed its official name to the "Totul pentru Ţară" party, literally "Everything for the Country", but commonly translated as "Everything for the Fatherland" or occasionally "Everything for the Motherland".〔"Totul pentru Ţară" is translated as "Everything for the Fatherland" in "Collier's Encyclopedia" material that is now incorporated into "Encarta" as a sidebar ((1938: Rumania )) and in the "Encyclopædia Britannica" article (Iron Guard ); the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania uses "Everything for the Motherland" in the English-language version of its November 11, 2004 (Final Report ) (PDF). (All retrieved 6 Dec 2005.). (Archived ) 2009-10-31.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iron Guard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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